The concept of a “city” has evolved, with various definitions and criteria shaping our understanding of urban centers. From administrative boundaries to metropolitan regions, how we define cities can significantly impact the numbers and rankings. This article delves into the intricacies of defining cities and highlights some of the world’s largest urban centers.
Defining a City: More Than Just Boundaries
- City Proper: The United Nations and UNICEF define a city proper as the population living within the administrative boundaries of a town. This definition may not include suburbs and can vary significantly from the urban area population figure. For instance, the Chinese municipality of Chongqing, the world’s largest city proper by population, governs a vast area. Still, over 70% of its 30 million people are agricultural workers in rural settings.
- Urban Area: An urban area is a continuously built-up land mass of urban development within a labor market. This definition doesn’t consider territorial or other boundaries inside the metropolitan area.
- Metropolitan Area: Defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, a metropolitan area can be established either officially or for statistical purposes. In the U.S., for example, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
The World’s Urban Giants
According to 2018 estimates by the United Nations, there are 81 cities globally with a population exceeding 5 million people. These figures include city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area definitions.
The world’s largest cities are not just populated hubs but are also centers of culture, economy, and innovation. Their sheer size and influence make them pivotal in global affairs. Let’s journey through some of these urban titans, understanding what they’re known for and their significance on the world stage.
1. Chongqing, China
- Location: Southwest China
- Population: Approximately 30 million
- Known For: Chongqing is the largest city proper in the world by population. It spans a vast administrative area of 82,403 km^2, roughly the size of Austria. Interestingly, over 70% of its people are agricultural workers living in rural settings.
- Significance: As a central manufacturing and transportation hub, Chongqing plays a crucial role in China’s economy.
2. Shanghai, China
- Location: East China
- Population: 26.3 million as of 2019
- Known For: Shanghai stands as the world’s most populous city proper. It’s a global financial hub with a rich history and a blend of Eastern and Western cultures.
- Significance: With its strategic location, Shanghai is a vital port city and a gateway to China’s hinterland.
3. Manila, Philippines
- Location: Southeast Asia
- Known For: Manila is the capital of the Philippines and is known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and bustling commerce.
- Significance: The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) manages the Manila metropolitan area, ensuring its growth and development.
4. Jakarta, Indonesia
- Location: Southeast Asia
- Known For: As the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta is a melting pot of cultures and traditions. It’s known for its historical sites, shopping centers, and nightlife.
- Significance: Jakarta is the economic and political heart of Indonesia. The Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency manages the Jakarta metropolitan area.